In the recent film Dunkirk, the question is asked, once aloud and thousands of times unspoken, “Where is the @#%& Air Force?”
My father, John H. Millar, who died in 2006 just short of his 104th
birthday, had the answer.
When he was 32, he earned a British private pilot’s
license in order to impress the girls. Winston Churchill, a friend of his,
invited him out to lunch at the Savoy. Churchill, now justly famous, was then
an annoying Member of Parliament whom people pretended not to know. Churchill
said to my father, “The Germans are re-arming, and we need to match them or
else we’ll be in the soup, but I can’t get anybody in government to take that
idea seriously.” The British government’s official policy was that if Britain
did not do anything to annoy Hitler he would not notice that they were there!
Churchill told my father that he was the only man he
knew who had a pilot’s license, so would he please go over to America and find
out what the various American aircraft manufacturers were building that Britain
could buy at short notice. My father was hired by TWA (rans World Airlines) as
the first ever foreigner to serve as a pilot for a US airline. After over a
year, he returned to England with the dealerships to all American aircraft
manufacturers in his pocket. The British Air Ministry still had no interest,
telling him that it was crucial for the British NOT to acquire any offensive
weaponry for fear of antagonizing Hitler.
At his own
expense, my father had a Consolidated Catalina flying boat flown to England
non-stop from San Diego (the theory being that a plane with that kind of range
would be perfect for spotting U-boats), and he shamed some RAF top brass into
taking a ride in it. When they reached cruising altitude, the pilot started
yacking away on the radio.
“Who’s he talking to?” asked an official.
“He’s talking
to the base in San Diego,” came the reply.
“Rubbish!” said the official; “there’s no radio in
the world that can transmit and receive over such a distance.”
“We have one on this aircraft,” was the reply.
“Good,’ said
the official. “Let’s buy five of these aircraft and reverse-engineer the
radio.”
That is how Britain happened to have five Catalinas
at the beginning of the war, one of which spotted the battleship Bismarck escaping and called in the
air-strike that crippled her.
The same narrow-minded attitude that limited British purchases of useful American aircraft to the five Catalinas also extended to their own aircraft. The RAF simply had very few Spitfires and Hurricanes in May 1940, when Dunkirk occurred, and almost no offensive bombers. Fortunately, by the time that the Battle of Britain began later in that summer, the British aircraft factories had worked overtime to build hundreds of fighters, so they eventually beat the Luftwaffe by the skin of their teeth. [Helen: and if I recall, this was entirely down to the fact that Churchill was now in charge!]
As for my father, he established a company in 1937
to build parts for aircraft, and his first client was Sir Frank Whittle, who
needed my father’s help with a new type of engine he had just invented.
Therefore, my father was one of the seven people on the team that built the
world’s first jet engine. Once again, the brilliant Air Ministry concluded that
jets were not part of the future and so they dropped the project for several years,
thus allowing the Germans to be first in the air with jet fighters.
My father’s last job as a civilian was to persuade
Consolidated Aircraft to develop the Liberator B-24 bomber from a new flying
boat that the US Navy did not want to buy, and so when the RAF finally was in
the market for long-range heavy bombers the Liberator was ready for them. My
father then joined the Royal Navy as a Commander, and he was stationed in
Washington – with the job of vetting all new US military aircraft, such as the
Grumman Avenger torpedo bomber, to see if the Royal Navy could use them.
John F. Millar
Newport House B&B
Williamsburg
Virginia USA
Helen says: I have not seen the movie yet, but for Britain, especially
around our eastern and south-west shores, our proudest moment involved the
hundreds of small boats which set out to rescue those stranded men on the
beaches of Dunkirk. If they had not, the war could well have been lost to
Germany at that early point. An ‘alternative’ history scenario that is too
horrifying to think about. It is a shame, however, that our ‘finest moment’
only occurred because of politicians who were pathetically useless.
One of the reasons why Churchill was ‘on the ball’ about these things
was that he was a competent historian (for the time – information has improved
since his day). He studied the past and recognized the patterns – and human
nature, ego and frailty.
Remember too, that the USA did not want to join the war, or even assist
Britain initially. Churchill persuaded the President through giving him a copy
of his latest book (his A History of Britain series – not sure which volume).
He had marked significant passages. The President was convinced…
Let us hope that there is never again such a war, but we must see to our
defence, however unsavoury the thought of it. The thought of NOT having
adequate defence is even more unsavoury. As Dunkirk proved.
I was dismayed when the British Government, under Tony Blair, dismissed
the importance of history from government and education. History is important,
not for which king or queen sat on the throne and when, not for how many wives
Henry VIII had, or whether Queen Victoria was amused or not, but for the events
that shaped the days, years and months, the way of life, and the wars
that ignorance or prejudice caused.
Helen
I am away on a cruise at the moment - please leave any comments below and I'll respond when I get home
I am away on a cruise at the moment - please leave any comments below and I'll respond when I get home
